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Freemake Video Downloader is one of the best open source Video Downloader. By using Freemake Video Downloader, you can download Video from round about 10,000 sites such as Youtube, Facebook, Vimeo and Dailymotion.
If you want the offline installer, please click here to download.
Some of us may face the problems that the windows is getting updated while we are doing urgent jobs. Or the windows is getting updated while we prepare to go back home at the time when the office is closed and the power is going to be shut down. To stop that kind of problem, we should disable auto update in windows.
To disable auto update in windows by command line
1. Run command prompt as administrator
2. Type net stop wuauserv in the command prompt and press enter
3. Type net stop bits and press enter
4. Type net stop dosvc and press enter
To disable auto update in windows by Task Manager
1. Press Ctrl + Alt + Del together. Task manager box will be appeared.
2. Click service tab and then click open service again at the below left corner of the Windows.
3. Double click windows update and properties box will be appeared.
4. Choose Disabled / Manual in the start type and click apply and ok.
5. Do the same as the steps 3 and 4 in both of Background Intelligent Transfer Service and Delivery Optimization.
Sometimes we want to shut down computer in easy and fast way without finding the shutdown button. For that, the following is the way to create shutdown shortcut button on the windows desktop.
1. Press right click on the desktop.
2. Click New and then click shortcut again.
3. Type shutdown -s -t 0 in the box.
4. Click Next.
5. Click Finish.
Now, you can do shutdown your computer by pressing this shortcut.
This is a good English-Myanmar dictionary. Please click here to download.
1. Zawgyi
Please click here to download Zawgyi font only.
2. Pyidaungsu (unicode)
Please click here to download Pyidaungsu keyboard and font.
3. Myanmar fonts collection
Please click here to download Myanmar fonts collection.
Please click here to download Pyidaungsu Keyboard Layout
Please look at the following video to install and use Myanmar Keyboard and Fonts
You can manage the partitions in your computer by using this software. This software is totally cool to use. If you want to download it, please click here.
Shweyoe Dictionary (English, Russia, Korea, Japan, Thai to Myanmar). Please click here to download.
Lightshot is one of open source screenshot software for Windows and Mac. In this software, you can save as jpg, png, etc...,. And you can also edit and make remarks. If you want to download it, please click here.
Please click here to download Myanmar Font for Viber. And then, follow the below instructions:
1. Press Windows and R keys together
2. Type fonts in the run box.
3. Copy and paste Myanmar Font you've downloaded.
4. Then restart your computer.
Cisco certifications are one of the famous certifications in networking field.
This is all bout Cisco Certifications for brothers and sisters who are trying to take Cisco exams. If you want to learn, click here.
There are four octet in IPV4. Each octet has 8 bits. So, there are 32 bits in IPV4. IPV4 is based on binary (0, 1) and decimal (0 to 9).
| First Octet | Second Octet | Third Octet | Fourth Octet |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 bits | 8 bits | 8 bits | 8 bits |
| 2726252423222120 | 2726252423222120 | 2726252423222120 | 2726252423222120 |
| 255.255.255.255 | 255.255.255.255 | 255.255.255.255 | 255.255.255.255 |
How to become 255.255.255.255 ? As each octet has 8 bit and is based on binary.... 27 = 128, 26 = 64, 25 = 32, 24 = 16, 23 = 8, 22 = 4, 21 = 2, 20 = 1 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255
| Decimal | = | Binary | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Octet | 2nd Octet | 3rd Octet | 4th Octet | | 1st Octet | 2nd Octet | 3rd Octet | 4th Octet | ||||||||||
| 192 | . | 168 | . | 1 | . | 0 | | 11000000 | . | 10101000 | . | 00000001 | . | 00000000 |
Let's explore 192.168.1.0/24.... Network Address = 192.168.1.0 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.255
Let's explore 192.168.1.0/25.... 1nd Network Address = 192.168.1.0 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.128 Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.126 Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.127 2nd Network Address = 192.168.1.128 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.128 Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254 Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.255
Let's explore 192.168.1.0/26... 1st Network Address = 192.168.1.0 Subnet Mask = 192.168.1.192 Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.62 Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.63 2nd Network Address = 192.168.1.64 Subnet Mask = 192.168.1.192 Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.65 to 192.168.1.126 Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.127 3rd Network Address = 192.168.1.128 Subnet Mask = 192.168.1.192 Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.190 Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.191 4th Network Address = 192.168.1.192 Subnet Mask = 192.168.1.192 Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.193 to 192.168.1.254 Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.255 (Note: The Subnet Mask is reverse proportional to host range. The larger the subnet mask, the smaller the host range.)
The following table is formula for Ipv4 addresses (Class C). I've made it when I was in Singapore Polytechnic.
| Binary | Decimal | Prefix | Subnet Mask | Count of Networks | Usable IP Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | - | /24 | 255.255.255.0 | 1 | 254 |
| 27 | 128 | /25 | 255.255.255.128 | 2 | 126 |
| 26 | 64 | /26 | 255.255.255.192 | 4 | 62 |
| 25 | 32 | /27 | 255.255.255.224 | 8 | 30 |
| 24 | 16 | /28 | 255.255.255.240 | 16 | 14 |
| 23 | 8 | /29 | 255.255.255.248 | 32 | 6 |
| 22 | 4 | /30 | 255.255.255.252 | 64 | 2 |
The networking devices need IP addresses to communicate with each other on the network. There are two types of IP addresses versions: IP Version 4 (IPv4) and IP Version 6 (IPv6).
IPv4 Address
In IPv4 address, the host can communicate in one of three different ways:
Unicast: The process of sending a packet from one host to an individual hos
Broadcast: The process of sending a packet from one host to all hosts in the network
Multicast: The process of sending a packet form one host to selected group of hosts
In IPv4, the network range is defined by the followings:
Network address: A special network that refers to the network
Subnet Mask The subnet mask is a 32-bit values used with IPv4 address that specifies the network portion of the address to the network device. The subnet mask uses 1s and 0s to indicate which bits of the IPv4 address are network bits and which bits are hosts bits.
Host address: The unicast address assigned to the end device in the network
Broadcast address: A special address used to send data to the all hosts in the network
For Example,
Network Network Address Subnet Mask Host Range Broadcast Address
192.168.1.0/24 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 to 254 192.168.1.255
192.168.2.0/25 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.128 192.168.2.1 to 126 192.168.2.127
IPv4 Network Classes
Address Classes First Octet Range Prefix and Mask Number of Possible Networks Number of Hosts
A 1 to 127 /8 255.0.0.0 126 16,777,217
B 128 to 191 /16 255.255.0.0 16,382 65,534
C 192 to 223 /24 255.255.255.0 2,097,159 254
IPv4 Public and Private Addresses
Although most IPv4 addresses are public addresses designated for use in networks that are accessible on the Internet, there are blocks of addresses used in network that are not accessible on the Internet. These addresses are called private addresses.
The private address blocks are:
Class A 10.0.0.0/8 (10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255)
Class B 172.16.0.0/12 (172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255)
Class C 192.168.0.0/16 (192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255)
Multicast Addresses 224.0.0.0/4 (224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255)
The multicast transmission is designed to conserve the bandwidth of IPv4 network. It reduces the traffic by allowing a host to send a single packet to a selected set of hosts. To reach multiple destination hosts using unicast communication, a source host would need to send an individual packet addressed to each host. With multicast, the source host can send a single packet that can reach thousands of destination hosts.
Experimental Addresses 240.0.0.0/4 (240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.254)
These addresses are reserved for future use. This suggests that they could be converted to usable addresses. Currently, these addresses are not usable in IPv4 network. However, these addresses are used for research.
Default Route 0.0.0.0/8 (0.0.0.0 to 0.255.255.255).
The default route is “catch all” route to route packets when the specific route is not available.
Loopback Address 127.0.0.0/8 (127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255).
The loopback address is special address that hosts use to direct traffic to themselves.
Link-Local Addresses 169.254.0.0/16 (169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255)
These link-local addresses can be automatically assigned to the local host by the operating system in environment where no IP configuration is available.
Test-Net Addresses 192.0.2.0/24 (192.0.2.0 to 192.0.2.255)
The test-net-addresses are set aside for teaching and learning purpose.